532 research outputs found
Digital Platform Establishment: Navigating Competing Concerns in Emerging Ecosystems
Digital Platforms impose organizing logics on ecosystems. Dependent on their configuration, they enable certain practices, relationships, and value distribution among actors while preventing alternatives. Incumbent platforms often have a strong power to implement contested configurations since they control access to attractive user groups/markets. However, emerging platforms have a small degree of bargaining power in relation to key actors since they have not yet achieved such a position. Although numerous studies detail governance strategies for incumbent platform ecosystems, research on how platform providers navigate competing concerns in emerging platform ecosystems remain rare. We report on a study of the establishment and continuous dynamics of a digital platform used for service innovation. We inductively identify a pattern of the dynamics in this navigation process, locate four salient tensions driving these dynamics, and provide insights on how the platform provider navigated them
Educating Reflective Practitioners: The Design of an IT Management Masters Program
The IT Management Group at Umeå University, Sweden, has developed a master program in IT management with emphasison incorporating practice in the learning process. The basic premise lies in the use of reflection-in-action as an approach topresenting students with practical problems throughout the program. We discuss the ways in which practice is at the heart ofthe program, both as a tool for exemplifying codified knowledge such as technical skills and methods but also as arenas forsituated knowledge creation and transfer where reflection and action are intertwined. The paper ends with a discussion of theprogram design, challenges in implementing the reflective practice approach and competencies the students need in theirfuture professional roles
Digital Options Theory for IT Capability Investment
While research has shown that investments in IT capability may translate into improved firm performance, how and why they do is still a source of debate. Drawing on financial options thinking, recent research suggests that managers can support appropriate investment decisions by examining digital options. However, current research has not effectively translated the financial options construct into the IT domain, which makes it difficult to rigorously examine digital options. To address this void, we revisit general options theory and review current notions of digital options. To support understanding, we extend current theorizing by offering a rigorous conceptual foundation that defines the digital option lifecycle and relationships to neighboring constructs. To support practice, we present principles for examining digital options for a specific business process. To illustrate the detailed workings of the theory, we examine a production planning process in the dairy industry to arrive at a set of desirable and feasible IT capability investments. Our proposed theory supports managerial practice by offering a rigorous and actionable foundation for digital options thinking. It also sets an agenda for academic research by articulating theory-based constructs and principles that are subject to further empirical and theoretical investigation
Cycles of Innovation and Alignment in Digital Transformation: Investigating the Dynamics of Resource Recombination in a Construction Firm
The generative nature of digital technology implies that during digital transformation (DT), organizations traverse multiple cycles of innovation and resource alignment. Still, extant research mainly chronicles DT as linear and contained phenomenon occurring in response to a dramatic environmental change event. How new resources align with previous ones into novel combinations, the work that supports continuous organizational capability building, and the temporal relationships between cycles of change in DT has received scant attention. Drawing on dynamic capability theory, we analyze innovation and resource alignment cycles driving DT at Lundqvist Trävaru AB, a small Swedish construction firm. Our study has at least two contributions. First, the analysis reveals three types of dynamic capabilities that shape resource generation and alignment in DT. Second, we provide a process model outlining the innovation and alignment cycles that fuel DT as they scale in the focal firm
Lessons from the Regulation of E-scooters through the MDS Standard: Policy Lessons for Connected Vehicles
Connected vehicles generate new data streams that present promising opportunities for policymakers to monitor and learn from events and behavior. To explore what we can learn from how public entities leverage ubiquitous data streams for policy development and enforcement, we draw on a case study of the standard Mobility Data Specification (MDS) and its use by cities to regulate E-scooter operators. Our findings suggest that (1) the richness of real-time data changes the speed of policy revision, (2) data access enables moving some micro-decisions to the edge, and (3) policy will be formulated as fixed or flexible with different amendment rules
Improved retrieval of land ice topography from CryoSat-2 data and its impact for volume-change estimation of the Greenland Ice Sheet
A new methodology for retrieval of glacier and ice sheet elevations and
elevation changes from CryoSat-2 data is presented. Surface elevations and
elevation changes determined using this approach show significant
improvements over ESA's publicly available CryoSat-2 elevation product (L2
Baseline-B). The results are compared to near-coincident airborne laser
altimetry from NASA's Operation IceBridge and seasonal height amplitudes from
the Ice, Cloud, and Elevation Satellite (ICESat).
Applying this methodology to CryoSat-2 data collected in interferometric
synthetic aperture mode (SIN) over the high-relief regions of the Greenland
Ice Sheet we find an improvement in the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 27
and 40 % compared to ESA's L2 product in the derived elevation and
elevation changes, respectively. In the interior part of the ice sheet, where
CryoSat-2 operates in low-resolution mode (LRM), we find an improvement in
the RMSE of 68 and 55 % in the derived elevation and elevation changes,
respectively. There is also an 86 % improvement in the magnitude of the
seasonal amplitudes when compared to amplitudes derived from ICESat data.
These results indicate that the new methodology provides improved tracking of
the snow/ice surface with lower sensitivity to changes in near-surface
dielectric properties.
To demonstrate the utility of the new processing methodology we produce
elevations, elevation changes, and total volume changes from CryoSat-2 data
for the Greenland Ice Sheet during the period January 2011 to January 2015.
We find that the Greenland Ice Sheet decreased in volume at a rate of 289 ± 20 km3a−1, with high interannual variability and spatial
heterogeneity in rates of loss. This rate is 65 km3a−1 more
negative than rates determined from ESA's L2 product, highlighting the
importance of CryoSat-2 processing methodologies.</p
Mass changes in Arctic ice caps and glaciers: implications of regionalizing elevation changes
The mass balance of glaciers and ice caps is sensitive to changing climate
conditions. The mass changes derived in this study are determined from
elevation changes derived measured by the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation
Satellite (ICESat) for the time period 2003–2009. Four methods, based on
interpolation and extrapolation, are used to regionalize these elevation
changes to areas without satellite coverage. A constant density assumption is
then applied to estimate the mass change by integrating over the entire
glaciated region.
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The main purpose of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of the
regional mass balance of Arctic ice caps and glaciers to different
regionalization schemes. The sensitivity analysis is based on studying the
spread of mass changes and their associated errors, and the suitability of
the different regionalization techniques is assessed through
cross-validation.
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The cross-validation results shows comparable accuracies for all
regionalization methods, but the inferred mass change in individual regions,
such as Svalbard and Iceland, can vary up to 4 Gt a<sup>−1</sup>, which exceeds the
estimated errors by roughly 50% for these regions. This study further
finds that this spread in mass balance is connected to the magnitude of the
elevation change variability. This indicates that care should be taken when
choosing a regionalization method, especially for areas which exhibit large
variability in elevation change
Proteomic Analysis of the Differential Protein Expression Reveals Nuclear GAPDH in Activated T Lymphocytes
Despite the important role of T cell activation in the adaptive immunity, very little is known about the functions of proteins that are differentially expressed in the activated T cells. In this study, we have employed proteomic approach to study the differentially expressed proteins in activated T cells. A total of 25 proteins was characterized that displayed a decreased expression, while a total of 20 proteins was characterized that displayed an increased expression in the activated T cells. Among them, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was identified unexpectedly as one of the up-regulated proteins. Western blot analysis of proteins separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis had identified several modified GAPDHs which were detectable only in the activated T cells, but not in resting T cells. These modified GAPDHs had higher molecular mass and more basic PI, and were present in the nucleus of activated T cells. Promoter occupancy studies by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that nuclear GAPDH could be detected in the promoter of genes that were up-regulated during T cell activation, but not in the promoter of genes that were not unaffected or down-regulated. Our results suggest that nuclear GAPDH may function as transcriptional regulator in activated T cells
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